Accounting for Operational Activities Illustrative...

CHAPTER FIVE: COST ESTIMATION Introduction When managers make decisions they need to compare the costs (and benefits) among alternative actions. In this chapter, we discuss how to estimate the costs required for decision making (Lanen, 2008). Learning Objectives: According to Lanen (2008), after completing Chapter 5 you should: 1. Understand the reasons for estimating fixed and variable costs. 2. Estimate costs using engineering estimates. 3. Estimate costs using account analysis. 4. Estimate costs using statistical analysis. 5. Interpret the results of regression output. 6. Identify potential problems with regression data. 7. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of alternative cost estimates.†¦show more content†¦| | Disadvantages of engineering estimates 1. Can be quite expensive to use. Learning Objective Three: Estimate costs using account analysis. Account Analysis Estimating costs using account analysis involves a review of each account making up the total costs being analyzed and identifying each cost as either fixed or variable, depending on the relation between the cost and some activity. Account analysis relies heavily on personal judgment. This method is often based on last period’s cost along and is subject to managers focusing on specific issues of the previous period even though these might be unusual and infrequent(Lanen, 2008) . Example: Account Analysis (Exhibit 5.1) |3C Cost Estimation Using Account Analysis | |Costs for 360 Repair Hours |Show MoreRelatedFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 PagesEighth Edition Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts Thomas P. Edmonds University of Alabama–Birmingham Frances M. McNair Mississippi State University Philip R. Olds Virginia Commonwealth University Edward E. 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Hawthorne and The Birthmark No Judgment Intended Essay

Since the beginning of time, people have lived by the expression, or at least heard From their mother’s, that â€Å"no one should judge another based on physical attributes.† â€Å"The Birthmark,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne gives its reader an important example of this worldly known moral. In â€Å"The Birthmark,† Hawthorne uses characterization, a foil character, hyperbole, a dramatic setting, imagery and a huge tragedy in order to display the judgment morality of his main character, Aylmer. Hawthorne goes into every detail possible about his characters, Georgiana and her husband, Alymer. He does not go too much into detail about Amindab, because most of the story is based on Alymer and Georgiana. For example, â€Å"He had devoted†¦show more content†¦Hawthorne creates a foil character, Aylmer’s assistant, Aminadab, who shows complete affection towards Georgiana. He is the complete opposite of Aylmer, when considering his feelings and opinions about life. â€Å"Yes, master,† answered Aminadab, looking intently at the lifeless form of Georgiana; and then he muttered to Himself, â€Å"If she were my wife, I’d never part with that birthmark† (652). This quote shows the reality of Aminadab’s feeling of sympathy for Georgiana. He knows that the removal of her birthmark is like a sacrifice that she had to make for her husband’s happiness. His thoughts are obvious, and throughout the story, this is the only place where he displays his thoughts with the audience his true feelings. Even though he shares these opinions, he does not do anything to try and stop Aylmer from operating on his wife. Hawthorne may be using this foil character to even more justify his underlying moral. Hyperboles seem to take form in many short stories sort of making its tone and atmosphere become dramatic, especially in â€Å"The Birthmark.† Hawthorne creates many instances of hyperbole throughout his story, which all seemingly concern Georgiana’s birthmark. â€Å". .I know not what may be the cost to both of us to rid me of this fatal birthmark. Perhaps its removal may cause

Comparison Within Clarissa Dalloway Free Essays

Virginia Woolf creates interesting contrast within the character of Clarissa Dalloway using stream of consciousness narration in her novel Mrs. Dalloway. Clarissas inner thoughts reveal a contrast between her lack of attraction to her husband due to her lesbian feelings and her fear of loosing him as a social stepping stone. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Within Clarissa Dalloway or any similar topic only for you Order Now These contrasts and many others can be seen throughout the novel using the literary device of stream of consciousness narration. Clarissas character reveals to us early in the book her lack of attraction to her usband. This revelation can be seen in the passage that states: †¦through some contraction of this cold spirit, she had failed him†¦she could see what she lacked†¦it was something central which permeated†¦. The cold spirit that she talks of is her sexuality, in being attracted to women, and her lack of understanding why she is this way. This is the main reason for her lack of attraction. She feels that she has let him down because she cannot complete her duties as his wife. Clarissa had lost both a sexual relationship and exual attraction with her husband since the birth of her teenage daughter Elizabeth: †¦she could not dispel a virginity preserved through childbirth which clung to her like a sheet. Clarissa tells us of her true sexuality as she remembers her girlhood friend Sally Seton. Sally is the only person that Clarissa has ever had any real passionate feelings for. But this question of love, this falling in love with women. Take Sally Seton; her relation in the old days with Sally Seton. Had not that, after all, been love Although Sally held er heart, her homosexual feelings were not socially acceptable. Clarissa is therefore obliged to enter into a marriage to Richard Dalloway for social purposes. A contrast to Clarissas lack of attraction to her husband is seen in her fear of loosing him. Richard provides for her a stepping stone for her to be the socialite that she strives to be. When Richard is invited to a lunch with Lady Bruton, a twinge of fear is evident in Clarissa that she is loosing her husband: Fear no more the heat o the sun; for he shock of Lady Bruton asking Richard to lunch without her made the moment which she had stood shiver†¦. Without him, she would be nothing in society, so Clarissa is scared of loosing him even though she has no attraction towards him. A contrast in the deeper self of Clarissa Dalloway can be seen in the stream of consciousness narration in Mrs. Dalloway. She reveals her lack of attraction for her husband and her fear of loosing him through her inner thoughts. This provides for us the ability to see the weaknesses of Clarissa and many of the other characters. How to cite Comparison Within Clarissa Dalloway, Essay examples

American History free essay sample

A paper which looks at the changes that took place in American history between World War I and the 1970s. A paper written in fictitious autobiographical style which discusses the many changes that took place in America between World War I and the 1970s. The paper discusses the causes of the WWI and its aftermath. It presents facts about World War II, the Cold War, the Korean War and Vietnam. The conclusion is an analysis of the event that has been the most significant in reshaping American life forever the Civil Rights Movement. Lets skip ahead to the World War II period, the war began in 1939 and I was 33 years old. I had been married for ten years and had two children and was a housewife. The war began as a conflict between Germany and Anglo French coalition but quickly broadened to engage most nations of the world. The war saw the introduction of two new weapons: the atomic bomb and a long-range rocket. We will write a custom essay sample on American History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To date WWII has been the most devastating war in history in terms of loss of human life and destruction. (World War II)